Merkel Cells in the Fingertips

That a finger can distinguish the texture of satin from suede is an exquisite sensory discrimination. Largely relying on small sensory organs in the fingertips called Merkel discs containing Merkel Cells. Jianguo Gu, Ph.D., of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, has now unraveled how the sensory information is processed in the Merkel discs. As well as further conveyed to the ending of a sensory nerve, the start of its journey to the brain. Such molecular understanding about the sensory information transmission between Merkel cells and nerve endings could be radical. And may lay the foundation to treat patients' intense…
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Regenerative Biology: A New Molecule Regenerates Bone Tissue

Researchers from California discover the key to simplifying the creation of engineered bones: adenosine. This naturally occurring molecule can be injected into bone tissue to coax human pluripotent stem cells to regenerate. REGENERATING BONE TISSUE The incidence of bone disorders, particularly in populations where aging is tied to rising obesity rates and poor physical activity. Bone disorders have been increasing steadily— so much so that it is expected to double in the coming years. To date, bone grafts have been the only solution to this problem. But researchers from the University of California in San Diego have now found a…
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Therapeutic Interventions to Effect Repairs and Fight Disease

Applications from regenerative medicine to gene therapy as well as antiviral therapeutic interventions emphasize self-healing possibilities. Therapeutic Interventions Emphasize Self-Healing Therapeutic interventions of various kinds try to improve the body’s capacity to defend, repair, and even cure itself. Interventions that attempt to enhance self-healing span cell-based therapy, gene therapy, small molecule drugs, biologics, and tissue engineering. Advances in each of these areas are being followed by Allied Market Research. Which has concluded that stem cell technologies look especially promising. For example, stem cell technologies are set to revolutionize the human ability to produce neural cells in abundance. Stem cells may…
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Substance P: new chemical capable of controlling pain

Recently scientists have found a substance that activates pain along the central nervous system. This substance is also able to decrease pain in the peripheral nervous system. It was named Substance P. And may be the reason many pain management drugs appear to be successful amid laboratory tests. As well as unsatisfactory in real-life circumstances. The study was published in the journal Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, on June 15. Explaining how scientists from Hebei Medical University, and the University of Leeds came across Substance P. It is a peptide that promotes pain responses of different kinds through the nervous system. Substance…
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Food as medicine: importance of nutrition in disease

‘‘Get your health from the farm, not from the pharmacy.’’ That’s not necessarily what you’d expect to hear at an international medical conference. Especially one attended by some of the biggest names in the world of medicine and nutrition. Nor do you expect this declaration to be received with clapping, whooping and cheering from a respectable crowd. A crowd of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals and for it to be tweeted and retweeted ad infinitum. However, the title of the conference should give this some context. ‘Food. The Forgotten Medicine’ was convened by the College of Medicine (9 June 2016). The conference…
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Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Dr. Brian M. Ilfeld, MD, MS, feels this strongly about the potential for ultrasound-guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation. It's a technology that he says has the potential to forever change the way anesthesiologists treat acute postoperative pain. He discussed the results of a prospective feasibility study. As well as the potential for the technology’s future—at the 2016 annual Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine meeting (abstract A1265). Gradually, a Technique Emerges “There were very early reports of using electricity applied cutaneously to provide analgesia following surgical procedures,” said Dr. Ilfeld. He is a professor of anesthesiology in residence at the…
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Emotional Expression Benefits Chronic Pain

A therapeutic intervention involving confronting and expressing emotional and traumatic experiences shows greater improvement in fibromyalgia pain. When compared with conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), randomized trial results show. It was also linked to significant pain reductions when offered as a one-time intervention in the primary care setting, researchers report. "Current evidence-based psychological interventions for fibromyalgia, such as CBT, are relatively weak. We believe, because they do not help patients disclose, target, and resolve their conflicted emotional experiences," senior author Mark Lumley, PhD, professor of psychology at Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, told Medscape Medical News. "We have demonstrated, however, that…
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Neuroinflammation: How it causes Chronic Pain

What is neuroinflammation and why does it cause severe burning pain even when there seems to be no injury? Let me explain it as simply as I can. Say you sprain your ankle. Your ankle then hurts, swells, discolors, and the pain limits use. The swelling occurs because of “healing” chemicals that move into the affected area and work to repair any damage. In a typical person, this process is successful and the healing chemicals trigger another set of chemicals to take the healing chemicals away. The swelling and discoloration go away and the person doesn’t have any additional issues…
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Buprenorphine Patches in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Transdermal buprenorphine may be an effective therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). However the treatment was associated with a high rate of adverse events, mostly nausea and/or vomiting. The findings come from a newly published multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Ninety-three patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes were enrolled and received either buprenorphine (5μg/h) or placebo patches. All the patients had been experiencing moderate to severe DPNP for a minimum of 6 months on maximal tolerated conventional therapy. The dose was titrated to effect to a maximum of 40μg/h for the study. Results showed that of those…
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Tarantula toxin untangles pain pathways

A toxin isolated from the Togo starburst tarantula provides new insights into pain mechanisms and could lead to new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome. With their large, hairy bodies and long legs, tarantulas are an arachnophobe’s worst nightmare. For pain researchers, however, these outsized spiders are a dream come true: Their venom contains a cocktail of toxins, each of which activates pain-sensing nerve fibers in different ways, and researchers in the United States have now identified one such toxin that will help them to better understand pain, and could also lead to treatments for the chronic pain associated with irritable…
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